International Research and Academic scholar society

IRASS Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences

Issue-2(November), Volume-1 2024

1. A Systematic Review of Family Dynamics and Parental Adjustment in Fami...
10

Dorothy J. Okoro*
Department of Psychology, University of Uyo
1-5
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14833938

This systematic review aimed to consolidate research on the relationship between family dynamics and parental adjustment in families raising children with disabilities. Studies published between 2000 and 2022 were included, focusing on various disabilities and global contexts. A total of 42 studies were reviewed, employing quantitative, qualitative, and mixedmethods designs. Four main themes were identified: communication patterns, support systems, role distribution, and family cohesion. Effective communication emerged as a key factor, contributing to reduced parental stress and improved parental adjustment. Support systems, including family, friends, peer networks, and professional services, played a critical role in alleviating caregiving burdens and fostering adjustment. Families with clearly defined roles experienced better adaptation, while role ambiguity often led to heightened stress and poor adjustment. Family cohesion also emerged as essential, with cohesive families engaging in collaborative problem-solving, enhancing parental adjustment. These findings emphasized the importance of interventions focused on improving communication, strengthening support networks, clarifying roles, and promoting family cohesion to enhance parental well-being and caregiving effectiveness in families raising children with disabilities.

2. MINORITY STRESSORS AND SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG GENDER AND SEXUAL MINOR...
5

Usen Essien Inyang
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Uyo
6-13

Gender and sexual minorities (GSM) face significant discrimination, stigma, and marginalization, which can lead to negative mental health outcomes, including suicidal ideation. This study examined the relationship between minority stressors (microaggressions, perceived stigma, and internalized homophobia) and suicidal ideation among gender and sexual minorities in Cross River State. Additionally, the moderating role of perceived family support on this relationship was investigated. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a sample of 129 gender and sexual minority individuals. Data were collected using the following instruments: the LGBTQ+ Microaggressions Scale (LMS), the Gender and Sexual Minority Stigma Scale (GSMSS), the Internalized Homophobia Scale (IHS), and the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS). Perceived family support was measured using a modified version of the Family Support Scale. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, with perceived family support entered as a moderator variable. The results showed that microaggressions did not significantly predict suicidal ideation (β = -.070; t = -.91; P >.05). However, perceived stigma (β =.17; t = 2.010, P <.05) and internalized homophobia (β =.17; t = 2.07, P <.05) were significant predictors of suicidal ideation. Furthermore, perceived family support was found to moderate the relationship between minority stressors and suicidal ideation, such that individuals with higher levels of perceived family support experienced lower levels of suicidal ideation in response to minority stressors. The findings indicate that tackling minority stressors and enhancing perceived family support could be crucial strategies for lowering suicidal ideation among gender and sexual minorities. The study's outcomes have significant implications for creating interventions and programs focused on improving the mental health and well-being of gender and sexual minorities.

3. THE NEXUS BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY, THE TEACHER AND THE MORAL ATMOSPHERE OF...
7

Emeka Ategwu Ph.D* , Etta Robe...
Department of Educational Foundations, University of Cross, River State, Cross River State, Nigeria
14-18
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15516717

There is so much outcry about the standard of morality in society today especially among youths. Respect for elders has been thrown overboard. Cultism and killing in the increase, Yahoo (ritual killing) has become the order of the day. Children kill their parents at will because of penchant for money or the desire to become rich. Sexual immorality is rampant now. This has led to so many teenage pregnancies. Kidnapping on the increase parents are becoming victims. The government is having a feel of it. Like Chinua Achebe would say, things fall apart, the center cannot hold. Teachers are not exception as some are also involved in immoral acts against the ethics of their profession. These and other moral imbecilities have given impetus to the choice of this study to ameliorate the situation. The study is tagged: The nexus between philosophy, the teacher and the moral atmosphere of the school. The study was carried out under these sub-heads, introduction, explication of key concepts, theoretical framework, the role of the teacher in the moral atmosphere of the school, recommendations, summary and conclusion.

4. Financial statement manipulation and its implication for Shareholder V...
4

Blessing Ejura Success*, Succe...
Department of Finance, Veritas University Abuja
19-28
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16924014

This study investigates financial statement manipulation and its implication for Shareholder Value of listed deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Focusing on Income Smoothing (IS) and Loan Loss Provisions (LLP), the research explores how these accounting techniques influence Tobin’s Q, a key measure of market value relative to asset replacement cost. Using panel data from 14 banks between 2013 and 2023, the study employs a Fixed Effects Model to analyze the relationships between these variables. The results reveal a significant positive relationship between IS and Tobin’s Q (coefficient = 0.560, p-value = 0.020), indicating that banks that stabilize their earnings are perceived more favorably by the market. Similarly, LLP shows a significant positive effect on Tobin’s Q (coefficient = 0.235, p-value = 0.029), suggesting that higher provisions for loan losses are linked to better market valuation. These findings align with the notion that investors value stability and prudent risk management. However, the study also highlights that excessive income smoothing or loan loss provisioning could raise concerns about transparency, potentially eroding investor trust. This research contributes to the limited empirical literature on creative accounting's effects on shareholder value in Nigeria’s banking sector. The study recommends enhancing transparency in income smoothing practices and maintaining adequate loan loss provisions to ensure long-term financial stability and market confidence

5. PERCEIVED FACTORS OF CRIME RATE AND CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES CONGESTION...
1

Adalikwu, Rose Amokeye*
Peace and Conflict Unit, Centre for General Studies, University of Cross River State, Nigeria
29-35

The study was on perceived factors of crime rate and correctional facilities congestion in rural communities in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study adopted three objective research questions and hypotheses and the study adopted the ex-post facto research design. There was no sampling technique adopted in the study. Purposive sampling was used to sample the 400 respondents used in the study and the instrument for data collection was a researcherdeveloped questionnaire titled Perceived Factors of Crime Rate and Correctional Facilities Congestion (PFCRCFCQ), which was developed and used for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts and the reliability was established using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient Analysis. The questionnaire items were built on a four-point rating scale for data collection and it was used to elicit relevant information from respondents. The questionnaire was distributed to respondents in the study area. Collected and analysed with simple linear regression analysis. All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that avoiding unnecessary incarceration, promoting, reducing recidivism and fostering community involvement in criminal justice significantly predict correctional facilities' congestion. It was recommended that the criminal justice committee should be compelled to be more effective in utilising their power of jail delivery to at least a minimum of four times per year visit to decongest the prisons. In conclusion, the indicators of alternative sentencing (avoiding unnecessary incarceration, promoting, reducing recidivism and fostering community involvement in criminal justice) significantly predict correctional facilities congestion in Cross River State.

6. QUALITY ASSURANCE PRACTICES AND UBE PROGRAMMES IMPLEMENTATION IN SECON...
1

Adalikwu, Rose Amokeye*
Peace and Conflict Unit, Centre for General Studies, University of Cross River State, Nigeria
36-41
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17122537

This study examined the relationship between quality assurance practices and the implementation of Universal Basic Education (UBE) programs in secondary schools in Cross River State, Nigeria, with implications for educational peace and conflict management. A survey research design was employed, involving 319 teachers selected through stratified and simple random sampling techniques. A validated instrument, Quality Assurance Variables and Implementation of UBE Programme Questionnaire (AVIUBEPQ), was used to collect data. The instrument's validity and reliability were ensured through expert scrutiny and a pilot test, which yielded a reliability estimate range of 0.80 to 0.97 using Cronbach's alpha method. The study's findings revealed that qualified teaching facilities and staff development significantly predict the successful implementation of UBE programs. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government prioritise merit-based hiring, invest in teacher training, and address systemic challenges such as funding, transparency, and political interference to enhance the quality of education.





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