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At IRASS Publisher, our mission is to empower authors and researchers by providing a platform for their unique perspectives. We believe in fostering creativity and promoting voices that reflect the richness of human experience.
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We envision a world where diverse stories and groundbreaking research thrive, enriching the literary and academic landscape. We aim to be a leading publisher recognized for our commitment to quality, innovation, and inclusivity.
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Latest Article
Government Financing Policy and the Development of Small and Medium En...
0

Anuwa, Omozuah Bethel & Andrew...
Professor of Finance and Development, Department of Banking and Finance, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
46-56
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20678022

The study examined the effects of government financing policies on the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEGR) in Nigeria over the period 1980 to 2025. The research focused on domestic borrowing-to-GDP ratio (DBGDPR), external borrowing-to-GDP ratio (EXTBGDPR), tax-to-GDP ratio (TGDPR), public investment ratio (PIR), and fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio (FDGDPR) as proxies for government financing policies, while SME growth rate (SMEGR) served as the dependent variable. Exchange rate (EXR) and inflation rate (INFR) were incorporated as control variables to account for broader macroeconomic influences. Annual time series data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, IMF, World Bank Development Indicators, National Bureau of Statistics, and OECD databases. The study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach which allowed simultaneous estimation of short-run and long-run effects among the variables. The results revealed that DBGDPR had a negative but statistically insignificant effect on SMEGR in both the short run and long run. In contrast, EXTBGDPR exerted a positive and statistically significant influence on SMEGR across both periods. TGDPR and PIR also exhibited positive and significant effects on SMEGR, reflecting the critical role of fiscal revenue mobilization and productive expenditure in creating an enabling environment for enterprises. FDGDPR recorded positive and significant coefficients, suggesting that moderate deficits facilitated government programs supportive of SME development. Control variables; EXR and INFR were found to have negative but statistically insignificant effects, indicating that currency instability and price fluctuations adversely affected SMEs. The study concluded that strategically targeted government financing policies significantly enhanced SME development in Nigeria through infrastructure provision, investment support, and fiscal interventions. The study recommended reducing excessive domestic borrowing, expanding productive external borrowing, strengthening tax utilization, increasing public investment, and managing fiscal deficits effectively to support SME growth.
PUBLIC SERVICE AND THE CHALLENGES OF RETIREMENT: A STUDY OF THE NIGERI...
5

FREGENE, Freeman Orits*, OKERE...
Department of Public Administration, Delta State University, Abraka
22-28
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20606750

This study examines public service and the challenges of retirement among Nigerian Air Force personnel in Bayelsa and Delta States. Retirement represents a critical stage in the career trajectory of public servants, yet many retirees face financial, social, and psychological challenges despite years of dedicated service. The study employed a qualitative research approach, adopting a descriptive research design and relying on secondary data obtained through documentary analysis. Data were analyzed descriptively to provide insights into the influence of administrative structures, public service policies, and pension scheme reforms on the welfare and socio-economic stability of retirees. Findings reveal that the hierarchical and bureaucratic nature of public service administration creates procedural bottlenecks and delays in pension processing, negatively impacting retirees’ financial security. Public service policies, including the Contributory Pension Scheme, have significant potential to enhance retirement welfare; however, inconsistent implementation, weak monitoring, and limited awareness reduce their effectiveness. Pension reforms have partially improved access to retirement benefits and financial predictability, but administrative inefficiencies, inadequate communication, and enforcement gaps continue to undermine socio-economic stability. The study concludes that the retirement welfare of Nigerian Air Force personnel is heavily shaped by structural, procedural, and policy-related factors. Recommendations include streamlining administrative processes, improving policy implementation and awareness, strengthening monitoring and compliance, and establishing post-retirement support programs to enhance financial security, social well-being, and smooth adjustment to civilian life. This research contributes to a better understanding of the multifaceted challenges facing military retirees and provides actionable insights for policymakers, administrators, and military institutions to improve retirement systems and welfare outcomes.
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Piloting, Production, Aggregation, and Ma...
3

Ekiru Francis Anno*
Unicaf University (UUM), School of Doctoral Studies, Lilongwe, Malawi
33-45
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20569136

The study examined the elements of groundnut development in Turkana, specifically the piloting, production, and marketing phases, as well as the system for harvest and aggregation. The study objectives derived from the above elements were (i) analyse data and outcomes from groundnut piloting and production phases, (ii) identify strategic challenges in groundnut production and marketing relevant to drylands agroecologies, (iii) propose a groundnut aggregation model suitable for the Turkana context, and (iv) determine the factors impeding the performance and sustainability of groundnut in Turkana based on the production phase results. 26 groundnut production sites were sampled for investigation from 5 sub-counties of Turkana. The pilot results indicated that at maturity, EUGN 2 (groundnut variety) produced a superior yield of 92 pods per plant in 100 days, in contrast to EUGN 1 and indigenous groundnut varieties, which gave 88 and 48 pods in 105 and 95 days, respectively, establishing EUGN 2 as the optimal variety for Turkana agroecology. The production phase results indicated that among the 26 agricultural sites, the arable land encompasses 22,093 acres, of which only 8,663 acres (39.2%) are cultivated with various crops. Additionally, the land allocated for groundnut cultivation measures 9,810 acres, which, if fully utilised, has the potential to yield 11,772 metric tonnes of unshelled groundnuts valued at KES 1.413 billion. The crop value is able to transform the economy and the wellbeing of the populations in Turkana. The actual production of groundnuts was subpar due to several systemic challenges, including inconsistent yields, absence of a market-orientated business strategy, fragmented and diminutive farm plots, inadequate mechanisation, and a deficient governance structure in farm leadership. Additional challenges included delayed produce off-take by aggregators, delayed payments to farmers, accumulation of aflatoxins especially during the production phase, an ineffective aggregation strategy, and imprecise data for decision-making. The study advocates for thorough feasibility assessments, enhancement of governance frameworks in production areas, land consolidation and mechanised labour, deployment of technical and scientific expertise in managing groundnut value chain elements, continuous access to improved seed systems, and the establishment of viable and competitive product aggregation and market access models as key areas for action.
HOW PRODUCT FEEDBACK DRIVES MARKETING STRATEGIES: THE INTERACTIVE EFFE...
2

Francis Osei, Richard Kwame Ni...
Presbyterian University, Ghana, Department of Business Administration & Agribusiness
22-32
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20567173

Purpose: The research aims to assess the effect of product feedback on marketing strategies and the moderating role of customer engagement. Design/methodology/approach: The research the research employs a positivism paradigm, the deductive approach, the explanatory research design, convenient sampling by utilizing structured questionnaires to gather data from 380 customers at Kasapreko Company Limited in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana Findings-The findings reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between product feedback and marketing strategies, indicating that effective feedback mechanisms can aid firms in aligning their offerings with customer expectations. Similarly, customer engagement is shown to enhance the effectiveness of marketing strategies, acting as a vital moderator that enriches the feedback process Research limitations/implications: Although this study offers valuable contributions to the comprehension of the impact of product feedback on marketing policy, the study was limited to customers of Kasapreko company limited Accra so making generalization must be done with outmost care. Practical implications: Managers should integrate effective feedback mechanisms that enable their customers to express their views, experiences and proposals on a regular basis. Originality/value: The study provides important contribution to the African economy by providing empirical evidence to product feedback, marketing strategies and customer engagement.
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