International Research and Academic scholar society

Mission and Vision
Our Mission
At IRASS Publisher, our mission is to empower authors and researchers by providing a platform for their unique perspectives. We believe in fostering creativity and promoting voices that reflect the richness of human experience.
Our Vision
We envision a world where diverse stories and groundbreaking research thrive, enriching the literary and academic landscape. We aim to be a leading publisher recognized for our commitment to quality, innovation, and inclusivity.
Open Access Policy
IRASS Publisher commits to providing open access to all its published content. Our policy ensures that research articles are freely accessible to the public without subscription fees. Authors retain copyright while allowing unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. By removing access barriers, IRASS aims to foster a more inclusive and collaborative scientific community.
Indexing
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Latest Article
From Pastoral Production to Competitive Markets: Navigating Livestock...
139

Ekiru Francis Anno*
Selinus University of Sciences and Literature (SUSL), Ragusa, Italy
20-30
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22733267

Livestock trade is central to the economies and livelihoods of pastoral communities in Africa's drylands, yet its potential is constrained by climate variability, weak market infrastructure, limited market information, inadequate capital, insecurity, animal diseases, informal marketing arrangements, and unequal competitive conditions among traders. This study examined the challenges affecting livestock trade in Turkana County, Kenya, with particular attention to livestock production and market access, trader competitive rivalry, and the implications of market organization for pastoral livelihoods. A case-study approach was applied to three livestock markets in Lodwar, Lokichoggio, and Kainuk towns. Primary data were obtained from 168 livestock-market respondents, with 56 respondents selected from each market. The analysis employed descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, post-hoc comparisons, one-way analysis of variance, reliability analysis, and simple linear regression. Results indicate substantial constraints in livestock production and market access. The overall market-access scale had a mean score of 2.51 (SD = 0.61), with significant differences among Lodwar (M = 2.89), Kainuk (M = 2.54), and Lokichoggio (M = 2.09) markets. Competitive rivalry was also significant, with an overall mean of 3.12 (SD = 0.63); Lodwar recorded the highest mean (M = 3.62), compared with Lokichoggio (M = 2.79) and Kainuk (M = 2.94). Regression analysis showed that trader competitive rivalry significantly predicted livestock production and market access, β = 0.381, t = 5.536, p < .001, explaining 15.1% of the adjusted variation. The findings demonstrate that competition in dryland livestock markets is not inherently beneficial when it operates through unequal access to capital, information, market networks, and institutional influence. Sustainable livestock trade therefore requires a systems-oriented approach combining market infrastructure, animal health, climate resilience, transparent pricing, market information, trader finance, producer organization, inclusive governance, and strengthened cross-border trade arrangements. The study concludes that transforming dryland livestock trade from predominantly informal and subsistence-oriented transactions into transparent, market-oriented and resilient value chains is essential for improving pastoral incomes, food security and regional economic development.
Livestock Marketing Interventions and Livelihoods in Pastoral and Smal...
48

Ekiru Francis Anno*
Selinus University of Sciences and Literature (SUSL), Ragusa, Italy
10-19
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22733090

Livestock production is central to rural livelihoods across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in pastoral, agro-pastoral, and smallholder farming systems. Livestock provide food, income, savings, employment, insurance against shocks, manure, and social and cultural capital. However, the contribution of livestock to household welfare depends not only on production but also on households' ability to participate effectively in livestock markets and obtain fair returns. This review synthesizes literature published primarily between 2020 and 2026, with particular attention to pastoral and smallholder systems in East Africa. The evidence shows that market infrastructure, market information, producer organizations, transport, veterinary services, financial services, value addition, and improved market governance can reduce transaction costs, increase market participation, improve producer returns, and strengthen livelihood resilience. Evidence from Ethiopia demonstrates that improved livestock market sheds can increase smallholder earnings, while evidence from northern Kenya indicates that improvements in physical and communication infrastructure have strengthened market integration. However, market participation does not automatically improve welfare. Drought, climate variability, conflict, distress sales, weak bargaining power, gender inequalities, inadequate services, and restrictions on pastoral mobility can limit or reverse livelihood gains. Informal information networks, brokers, customary institutions, and cross-border trade also remain important in connecting remote producers to markets. The review therefore argues that livestock marketing should move beyond increasing sales volumes toward resilient, inclusive, equitable, and sustainable livestock value chains. Effective interventions should integrate market infrastructure, information, producer organization, animal health, finance, value addition, climate-risk management, gender empowerment, rangeland governance, conflict management, and predictable trade regulation.
Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Production of Biodiesel from W...
184

P. Kanakasabai1, Saikat Banerjee2, D. Sridevi3, S. Sivamani*4
1-2-4*College of Engineering and Technology, Engineering Department, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Salalah, Oman, 3IT Department, SRM Valliammai Engineering College Tamil Nadu, India
19-25
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJMS.v3.i9.0188

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are bioinspired algorithms used in various engineering applications. The objective of this present study is to create a model algorithm for biodiesel synthesis from the collected waste cooking oil utilizing artificial neural networks (ANN). The factors consider to be influencing the biodiesel production are concentrations of solutions, time and temperature, pH of the solution, and agitation speed. In previous trials, methanol to oil ratio, sodium hydroxide to oil ratio, in addition to reaction temperature were taken as in terms of independent type of variables and % biodiesel yield inulin as a dependent variable. The results reveal that the 3-10-1 architecture of ANN provides goodness of fit to predict the percentage yield of biodiesel. The prediction ability of ANN is assessed by the coefficient of determination (R^2). The resultant R^2 value shows that the ANN predicted values fitted well to the percentage yield of biodiesel.
Bidirectional Film Title Translation through Prospective Compression a...
239

Yu Qi*
Institute of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
14-18
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJMS.v3.i9.0187

This study examines bidirectional film title translation through the perspectives of prospective compression and retrospective expansion, drawing on Wang Jianguo’s (2025) contrastive account of Chinese and English, particularly the differences between process orientation and result orientation and between weak and strong semantic boundaries. Based on a qualitative comparative analysis of 16 Chinese and English film titles, the study identifies four major application paths for each direction of translation. In Chinese-to-English translation, prospective compression is manifested through process-to-result, concrete-to-abstract, event-toobject, and positive-comparison-to-comparative transformations. These operations condense processual meaning, strengthen semantic boundaries, and produce concise and target-oriented English titles. In English-to-Chinese translation, retrospective expansion operates through resultto-process, abstract-to-concrete, object-to-event, and comparative-to-positive transformations. These operations recover implicit processes, concrete imagery, and narrative information, thereby increasing the accessibility and expressive appeal of Chinese titles. The analysis shows that the two strategies are particularly compatible with the functional demands of film titles, including brevity, thematic communication, genre identification, and cross-cultural accessibility. At the same time, the study argues that neither strategy should be applied mechanically: compression should not result in excessive semantic loss, while expansion should not introduce meanings unsupported by the source title. The findings provide a practical framework for bidirectional film title translation and offer a case-based application of contrastive ChineseEnglish analysis to audiovisual translation.
Journals
Journal Cover
Image
Image
Image
Image
Image
Track Manuscript
Certificates
Image
Image