Technology adoption and effective governance are increasingly important organizational capabilities for improving the efficiency, accountability, and competitiveness of agricultural cooperatives. This study examined the relationship between technology adoption, governance practices, and the operational performance of dairy cooperative societies in Kiambu County, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed, covering 19 dairy cooperative societies. Data were collected from managers, board members, and cooperative-member employees using structured questionnaires. Of the 78 targeted respondents, 69 participated, yielding an 88.46% response rate. Primary survey data were complemented by 2024 milk production and milk payment data obtained from the Kenya Dairy Board. Technology adoption was assessed using indicators including electronic payment systems, dairy management technologies, computerized records, and real-time data capture, while governance practices were assessed through board structure, accountability, leader-member communication, and member participation. Operational performance was measured using an Operational Performance Index based on annual milk production volume and average milk payment per litre. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted, with aggregation strategies included as a control variable. The regression model was statistically significant and explained 85.7% of the variation in log operational performance (R² = 0.857, F(3,15) = 29.874, p < 0.001). Technology adoption was positively and significantly associated with operational performance (β = 1.070, p = 0.042), while governance practices also showed a positive and significant association (β = 0.381, p = 0.012). Consistent with these results, technology adoption had a strong positive correlation with operational performance (r = 0.797, p < 0.01), while governance practices had a substantial positive correlation (r = 0.649, p < 0.01). Qualitative findings indicated that digital payments, computerized records, digital communication, and real-time data systems improved record accuracy, payment efficiency, information flow, monitoring, coordination, and decision-making. Effective governance strengthened accountability, board oversight, transparency, member participation, and resource management. The findings further suggest that technology and governance operate as complementary organizational capabilities, with their benefits depending on adequate infrastructure, financial resources, staff competencies, effective leadership, and member engagement. The study recommends an integrated approach combining affordable and scalable digital technologies with governance capacity building, transparent communication, effective board oversight, member participation, and continuous staff development. Given the cross-sectional design and the small number of cooperative-level observations, the findings demonstrate significant associations rather than definitive causal effects.

This study examined the “The Empowerment of Persons with Physical Disability: A Case Study of Female Wheelchair Users in Central Freetown”, Sierra Leone. Guided by the social model of disability and the capability approach, it pursued four objectives: to describe the socio-economic and demographic profile of these women, to assess their access to livelihood skills opportunities, to identify the factors associated with that access, and to examine the challenges to their empowerment. A mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative data were gathered through a structured survey of 104 female wheelchair users and analysed in the R statistical environment using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Spearman correlations, non-parametric comparisons, and binary logistic regression. Qualitative data were gathered through key informant guide with seven purposively selected key informants and analysed thematically, then triangulated with the survey results. The findings describe a group of prime working-age women, most of them polio survivors with primary schooling or less, who are almost entirely outside formal employment and survive through trading and begging. Although awareness of opportunities was high, only a little over half had tried to access training, and the leading barriers were admission requirements and fees rather than physical inaccessibility. In the regression, the possession of a livelihood skill was the strongest independent predictor of trying to access training, with an odds ratio of 11.86, while age, education, and family size were not significant. The study concludes that empowerment for this group, through funded, accessible, and enforced support, into genuine self-reliance. It recommends at policy level, include the position papers of disabled persons' organisations in national planning and in any revision of the Constitution, adopt compulsory free education for persons with disability at every level, promote economic empowerment and psychosocial support, enforcement of the Persons with Disability Act 2011.

One of the most challenging tasks in specialized audiovisual translation (AVT) is the translation of legal terms from English into Arabic. The subtitling of these terms poses many challenges, mainly because of being domain-bound and culture-specific. The time and space limitations of subtitling exacerbate these challenges. The aim of this study is to analyze the Arabic official subtitles of the American legal drama series Suits (USA Network, 2011-2019) produced and written by Aaron Korsh using an evaluative corpus-based approach. A purposive corpus of 60 legal terms was collected from all nine seasons and compared systematically with the Arabic subtitle terms. Thematic categorization was done for each term, and analysis of the terms was carried out using the eclectic framework that combines Baker's (1992) equivalence translation strategies and Pedersen's (2017) FAR quality-assessment model. The results show that the successful strategies are official equivalent (40%) and functional equivalent (21.7%), which together account for (61.7%) of all translatorial decisions and have the highest FAR quality scores. Paraphrasing (33.3%) is functionally adequate, but violates terminological precision or register faithfulness. Literal translation (3.3%) results in conceptual distortion and unnatural renderings of the target text. Literal translation with gloss (1.7%) is another strategy that foreignizes the source text legal terms, but contributes to incomprehension on the part of the Arab viewer. Three persistent problems emerge in this study: (1) the common-law/civil-law gap in the legal systems between the United States and the Arab world; (2) the diglossic gap between English and Arabic; and (3) the constraints that subtitling imposes, both spatial and temporal, resulting in lexical compression of multi-word legal units.

Radiation protection aims at an appropriate level of protection for patients, staff, populations and the environment against the adverse effects of exposure to ionizing radiation without unnecessarily limiting desirable activities that can be associated with this exposure. Objective: Evaluate the doses delivered to adult patients during routine cerebral, thoracic, abdominal and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) examinations performed in two health facilities in the city of Yaoundé. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted over six months, from March to August 2025, in two healthcare facilities in Yaoundé. The records of adult patients aged 18 years and older who underwent cerebral, thoracic, abdominal, or abdominopelvic CT scans, with or without contrast injection, were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, technical, and dosimetric data were collected from registries and patient records and then analyzed using SPSS version 20. The main dosimetric indicators studied were CTDIvol and the dose-length product (DLP). Results: The sample comprised 111 examinations: 76 brain CT scans (68.5%), 16 chest CT scans (14.4%), 13 abdominal CT scans (11.7%), and 6 abdominopelvic CT scans (5.4%). Men represented 65.7% of the patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9. The mean age was 45 years. The median CTDIvol was 24.75 mGy for brain CT, 11.2 mGy for chest CT, 13.6 mGy for abdominal CT, and 10.8 mGy for abdominopelvic CT. The 75th percentiles of CTDIvol were 42.15 mGy, 14.95 mGy, 37.56 mGy, and 25.22 mGy, respectively. The 75th percentiles of DLP were respectively 837, 15, 512, 65, 1808.9 and 1017.2 mGy•cm. Conclusion: The observed dose levels varied depending on the type of examination and the imaging center. Cerebral values were lower than several international reference values, while thoracic, abdominal, and abdominopelvic values were higher according to the reference values considered. The establishment of national diagnostic reference levels, combined with regular audits and the optimization of acquisition protocols, appears necessary to strengthen patient radiation protection in Cameroon.