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Latest Article
Factors Influencing the Functioning of Health Research Ethics Committe...
0

Saba’atu Elizabeth Danladi*1, Olugbenga Oguntunde2, Dr. Aminu Magashi Garba3
1*-2-3Public Health Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi Nigeria
29-33
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21027118

The need for research to conform to recognized ethical standards while the dignity, rights, safety and welfare of vulnerable individual are protected necessitates the adequate functioning Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC). This study therefore investigated the factors influencing the work of HREC in Bauchi and Sokoto States, Nigeria. The study is a cross sectional survey of ethics committee members between 2014 to 2015. In dept interview were separately conducted for each of the six active HRECs members recruited from each state in this study. Prior to the conduct of the interview, informed consent and appointment for the face to face interview were earlier sought and granted by the respondents. Respondents admitted that there was no oversight function in the role of HREC to review and approve the research protocols. The ethical protocols take between two weeks to a month before approval. Although, members of committee showed record of good attendance but their performance was rated average while the quarterly scheduled meeting has not been consistent. More so, there has not been any rotation of the members of committee since the inception of the body. However, all the respondents agreed that they have been receiving quality training mostly sponsored by TSHIP. Despite non-financial gains respondents offered voluntary services. The challenges commonly encountered by the HREC committee includes non-availability of an office, office equipment and stationeries, challenges in the monitoring of research work and lack of budgetary allocation for the committee for refreshment during meetings. Operations of HREC committees in Bauchi and Sokoto States have enhanced the research activities in the states. However, inclusion of more academicians as reviewers and support of state governments is very essential for the improved performances of the committees.
Community Participation in Development Planning and Implementation in...
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Mohamed Kaifala Jimmy*1, Morrison Kenie Lahai2
1*M Pil Candidate, Institute of Geography and Development Studies, School of Enviromental Sciences, Njala University, 2School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University
104-114
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21026269

Community participation in decisions that have to do with planning and the implementation of development projects in Sierra Leone has been neglected for far too long; and more studies have ascertained the veracity or fact regarding this. This study was undertaken to investigate and have a detail assessment of community participation in development planning and implementations in rural communities in Sierra Leone. The objectives of the study were the examining of the knowledge of the rural people about decentralization on the one hand, investigating their participation in decision process towards development. Data were collected from 400 respondents selected purposive and systematic random sampling techniques using a structured questionnaire to collect data from households and semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from key informants. Data was analysed using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) and correlation using regression. (Carefully arrange these sentences) Result indicated that there was not much knowledge about decentralisation owing to the little or less participation of the people and their service providers in decision-making regarding development but also the non-engagement; and which has inevitably resulted in severe socio-economic deprival- particularly in the context of basic services in the rural communities.
Public Sector Accounts and its Economic Implications: Historical Analy...
1

Stephen Oghenevwede*1, Erhijakpor Andrew E. O.2
1*Department of Banking and Finance, Delta State University, Abraka, 2Professor of Finance & Development, Department of Banking and Finance, Delta State University, Abraka
74-86
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20920813

This study examined public sector accounts and their economic implications through a historical analysis of trends and elasticity in Nigeria. GDP growth rate (GDPGR) served as the dependent variable, while tax-to-GDP ratio (TAX/GDP), public debt-to-GDP ratio (DEBT/GDP), capital expenditure ratio (CAPEX/GDP), recurrent expenditure ratio (RECEX/GDP), and interest payment-to-revenue ratio (INTPAY/REV) constituted the explanatory variables. Inflation rate (INF), exchange rate (EXR), and foreign direct investment as a percentage of GDP (FDI) were incorporated as control variables. The study adopted an expost facto research design and utilized annual time-series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Reports and Statistical Bulletins, National Bureau of Statistics publications, World Bank databases, and International Monetary Fund databases. Descriptive and econometric techniques were employed in the analysis. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was adopted to estimate both short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. The findings revealed that TAX/GDP exerted a negative and statistically insignificant effect on GDPGR in both the short run and long run. Similarly, DEBT/GDP had a negative but statistically insignificant influence on GDPGR. Conversely, CAPEX/GDP demonstrated a positive and statistically significant effect on GDPGR in both the short run and long run. RECEX/GDP also exerted a positive and significant effect on GDPGR. Likewise, INTPAY/REV significantly and positively influenced GDPGR. Additionally, the Error Correction Term coefficient indicated that approximately 106.47 percent of short-run disequilibrium was corrected within one period. The study concluded that public sector accounts remained important determinants of economic growth in Nigeria, although their effects varied across fiscal components. It recommended improvements in tax administration, prudent debt management, increased prioritization of capital expenditure, efficient management of recurrent expenditure, and strengthened fiscal transparency to promote sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
Systematic Literature Review on the Use of Economic Scenario Generator...
6

Michael Ezra Otoo*1, Joseph Manasseh Opong2, Enoch Kwablah Teye2, Emily Asaa Addison3
1*-2-3Presbyterian University, Ghana, P.O. Box 59. Abetifi-Kwahu
67-73
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20850192

Economic Scenario Generators (ESGs) have become indispensable tools in modern insurance reserve valuation, solvency assessment, and asset-liability management due to their ability to model uncertainty in economic and financial variables. Despite their widespread application, there remains limited synthesized evidence regarding their design, calibration, regulatory application, and effectiveness in insurance liability valuation. This study presents a systematic literature review of ESG applications in insurance reserve valuation and liability risk measurement using the PRISMA 2020 framework. A comprehensive search of academic databases, regulatory publications, and industry reports covering the period 2000–2025 yielded 842 database records and 49 additional sources. Following screening, eligibility assessment, and quality evaluation, 85 studies were included in the final synthesis. The review identifies six major thematic areas: ESG architecture and calibration, regulatory and accounting requirements, reserve estimation for complex guarantees, computational techniques, model risk and validation, and emerging climate-related risks. Findings indicate a significant transition from traditional deterministic and single-factor models to sophisticated multi-factor, market-consistent stochastic frameworks driven largely by Solvency II and IFRS 17 requirements. Advances in proxy modelling, least-squares Monte Carlo methods, and machine learning have enhanced computational efficiency; however, challenges remain regarding the integration of real-world and risk-neutral measures, model validation, and climate risk incorporation. The study highlights critical research gaps and provides recommendations for future ESG development, regulatory harmonization, and robust insurance liability valuation practices.
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