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Latest Article
Analysis of the Prevalence of Socio-Economic Determinants and Risky Be...
0

Mbone Toukaba Ines Pascale*1, Pr. Sokeng Dongmo Celestin2
1*-2Higher Institute of Science, Technology, Management and Sustainable Development, University of Ngaoundéré, PO Box 391 Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
14-24

Background: Non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), represent the leading cause of global mortality, with an accelerating burden across sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, physical inactivity, and harmful alcohol consumption are escalating, driven by rapid urbanization and dietary transitions. This study aimed to estimate the hospital prevalence of CVDs, examine the associated socio-economic and behavioural prognostic factors, and analyse current management modalities at the Sector Number 5 Military Health Centre in Ngaoundéré, Adamaoua Region. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 21 years and older attending cardiological and general consultations. Data collection utilized a contextualised survey instrument adapted from standard cardiovascular surveillance protocols to capture socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviours (alcohol consumption, tobacco use, physical activity), and blood pressure monitoring history. Clinical measurements included electronic blood pressure and fasting capillary blood glucose assessments. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were planned to identify independent prognostic factors associated with the presence of cardiovascular pathology. Results: Of the 207 eligible individuals approached, 183 completed the study, yielding a response rate of 88.4%. Discrepancies within the raw dataset regarding gender distribution, age cohorts, and occupational status necessitate rigorous re-evaluation before finalizing demographic proportions. Preliminary analysis indicates a high prevalence of modifiable risk behaviours, including regular alcohol consumption (39.9%) and physical inactivity (66.7%). Only a marginal minority of participants reported undergoing routine blood pressure screening in the preceding 12 months. A critical statistical anomaly, quasi-complete separation, was identified in the initial multivariable logistic regression matrix, rendering the currently calculated adjusted odds ratios for gender and lifestyle factors mathematically degenerate and necessitating model re-fitting via penalised likelihood estimation. Conclusion: Preliminary descriptive findings suggest a high hospital-based burden of cardiovascular diseases and prominent lifestyle risk factors within this combined military and civilian cohort. Robust statistical re-analysis, utilizing exact or penalised regression methods, is required alongside raw data reconciliation to confirm the true epidemiological associations. Interventions targeting early opportunistic screening and aggressive lifestyle modifications remain an urgent public health priority for this demographic.
Determinants of Fertility, Child Marriage, and Family Planning Use amo...
1

Victoria Nancy Blango*1, Herbert Borbor Sama Kandeh1
1*Institute of Geography and Development Studies, School of Environmental Sciences, Njala University, PMB, Freetown, Sierra Leone
44-51
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJAHSS.v3.i7.0258

Background: Sierra Leone has one of the highest fertility rates in West Africa (TFR=4.2). Understanding fertility determinants in urban settings is essential for targeted programming. This study examined demographic, educational, religious, marital, household, and socioeconomic factors associated with fertility and family planning (FP) use among married women in Bo City, Sierra Leone, with comparisons to other West African countries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,500 married women aged 15-49 years in Bo City (February 2025). Descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, and binary logistic regression were employed. Outcomes included children ever born (CEB), age-specific fertility rate (ASFR), total fertility rate (TFR), contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR), unmet need, desired children, child marriage, polygamy, and household arrangement. Comparisons were made with Demographic and Health Survey data from Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire, and Guinea. Results: Mean CEB was 2.16, mean desired children was 4.03, yielding a desired–achieved gap of 1.87 children. TFR was 4.67. Overall CPR was 61.6%, the highest in West Africa. Child marriage (18%) and polygamy (14.3%) were the lowest in West Africa. Female secondary+ enrollment (71%) was the highest in West Africa. Muslim women had higher fertility (CEB: 2.33 vs 1.96) and lower CPR (57.0% vs 68.0%) than Christian women. Adolescent fertility (125 per 1,000) was among the highest in West Africa. In adjusted analyses, bank access (AOR=1.85), healthcare decision-making autonomy (spouse alone vs self alone: AOR=0.31), and media access (AOR=1.21 per media type) were the strongest independent predictors of FP use. Conclusions: Bo City presents a paradoxical profile: the highest CPR, lowest child marriage, and highest female education in West Africa, yet TFR remains elevated (4.7), and adolescent fertility is among the region's worst. This suggests that high CPR is recent and adolescents are being left behind. Faith-based engagement, school-based sexuality education, and youth-friendly services are urgently needed.
Artificial Intelligence and People Analytics in Human Resource Decisio...
6

Nancy Ayongo Odoi Opong*1, Kingsley Kumi Yeboah2, Joseph Manasseh Opong3, Enoch Kwablah Teye4
1*-2-3-4Presbyterian University, Ghana, P.O. Box 59. Abetifi-Kwahu
37-44
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJMS.v3.i7.0180

A new era for human resources is beginning, driven by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and people analytics to inform human resources (HR) decisions. This report presents an integrated, multi-disciplinary review of the current state-of-the-art of using AI and people analytics in HR, based upon established theoretical models from information systems, organizational behavior, ethics, etc. The report describes how traditional descriptive HR metrics have evolved to predictive and prescriptive HR analytics through the application of machine learning, natural language processing and algorithmic decision systems. In addition to providing examples of AI/people analytics applications throughout recruitment, performance management, retention, workforce planning and employee wellbeing, the report also assesses both the positive impacts of AI/people analytics to enable HR decisions to be made more quickly, efficiently and strategically; as well as the significant negative implications of adopting these technologies - i.e. Algorithmic bias, erosion of employee privacy, distrust of employees toward HR systems, deskilling of HR professionals. Additionally, this report reviews ethical and legal frameworks related to fairness, accountability, transparency and the General Data Protection Regulation. Based on a synthesis of recent empirical and conceptual scholarship (2015 – 2025), the report argues that although AI and people analytics represent unparalleled opportunities for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of HR decisions; un-critically adopting them will lead to institutionalized biases, diminished employee dignity and degradation of the relational core of human resource management. Therefore, the report advocates for a human-centered augmented intelligence approach to HR where ethical principles are embedded within system design and human discretion is preserved. Finally, the report outlines a forward-looking research agenda centered around explainable AI, algorithmic literacy among HR professionals and co-design of analytics systems by employees.
SCALING THE INADEQUACIES OF HOUSING AVAILABILITY AND DELIVERY ASSOCIAT...
3

Imiete Godspower1, Chuku Chima2, Dappa, Daddy Ibiewotogha3, Kpang, MeeluBari Barinua Tsaro*4
1Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Rivers State University, Nkoplu-Orowurokwo, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, 2-3Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, 4*Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Environment and Technology, Koroma/ Saakpenwa, Ogoni, Rivers State
33-43
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21465676

This study examined the inadequacies of housing availability and delivery associated with traditional land ownership system in different states across the Niger Delta of region, Nigeria. The cross-sectional research design was adopted in the study. The data for this study was elicited from 400 household heads in the study area determined through the use of Taro Yamane’s and Kumar stratum allocation formulas whereas the Kruskal–Wallis test was employed for analysis. Housing availability was found to be inadequate with only 36% affirming that housing units are sufficient, while 52.7% disagreed (WM = 2.99). Accessibility also scored low (WM = 2.90), and population growth was consistently seen as a constraint, with 79% agreeing it reduces availability (WM = 4.16). Infrastructure deficits were critical, with 80.5% strongly agreeing that lack of basic services limits housing expansion (WM = 4.19). Effectiveness of housing development recorded weak results, with most weighted means below 3.0, including project timeliness (WM = 2.90), affordability (WM = 2.86), infrastructure provision (WM = 2.86), and policy support (WM = 2.86). The result revealed no statistically significant differences (at p > .05), indicating uniformity of perceptions across respondents. It is concluded from the findings that land ownership system is a major constraint affecting housing development and delivery. Consequently, holistic policy reforms that enhance affordability, and strengthen infrastructure provision were strongly recommended.
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