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This study aims to analyze the effect of average years of schooling, minimum wage,
life expectancy, economic growth, and the open unemployment rate on poverty in districts/cities
in Banten Province for the period 2010–2024. The method used is panel data regression
analysis with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach, as well as further analysis using spatial
models and Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR). The data used are secondary data from the
Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results show that average years of schooling and life
expectancy have a negative effect on poverty, while the open unemployment rate has a positive
and significant effect. Meanwhile, the minimum wage and economic growth show inconsistent
effects on poverty. Spatial analysis indicates spillover effects between regions, and PVAR
analysis indicates that education and unemployment are the most dominant factors explaining
variations in poverty. Overall, the research findings confirm that poverty alleviation requires
improving the quality of human resources, creating jobs, and more inclusive and equitable
development policies across regions.
Housing Empowerment and Social Innovation as Catalysts for Urban Regen...
1
Ali Rezvani*
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering,Islamic Azad University, Ardestan Branch, Ardestan, Iran
1-7
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20507512
Urban regeneration of deteriorated fabrics remains one of the most pressing
challenges in contemporary urban planning and architectural practice. This paper presents a
systematic integrative review examining the nexus between housing empowerment strategies
and social innovation frameworks in facilitating sustainable urban regeneration. Drawing upon
47 peer-reviewed articles published between 2009 and 2025, this study synthesizes evidence
from diverse geographical contexts—including Europe, Africa, and the Middle East—to
construct a comprehensive conceptual framework. The findings reveal that successful
regeneration initiatives are contingent upon three interdependent pillars: (1) physical retrofitting
of existing housing stock, (2) socially innovative governance mechanisms that foster resident
participation, and (3) integrated policy instruments that bridge economic viability with social
equity. The paper contributes to the theoretical discourse by proposing a multi-scalar
empowerment model (MSEM) that operationalizes the transition from top-down renewal to
participatory regeneration. Implications for policy, practice, and future research are discussed.
The Role of Chiefdom Councils in Decentralisation: Evidence from Bo Di...
4
Andrew Lokorma Karim* & Morris...
MPhil candidate, School of post-graduate studies, Njala University. Sierra Leone, West Africa
16-23
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20507148
The 190 chiefdoms of Sierra Leone constitute the lowest level of governance where
the majority of Sierra Leoneans reside, particularly outside Freetown and its surrounding rural
areas. These chiefdoms are administered by Paramount Chiefs, supported by sub-chiefs and a
range of chiefdom administrative officers. As integral components of district administration in
Sierra Leone, chiefdoms represent the level of governance through which essential services are
delivered to local populations. Paramount Chiefs serve as heads of chiefdom councils and
oversee several key functions, including the collection of local taxes, mobilization of communal
labour for socio-economic development initiatives, regulation of farming activities, and the
arbitration and adjudication of local disputes.
Bo District is one of the sixteen districts in the country and is located in the Southern Province.
This study assessed the role of chiefdom councils in the district using a qualitative
phenomenological research approach. In-depth personal interviews were conducted with key
informants across the sixteen chiefdoms of Bo District. The data were analyzed using the
constant comparative method, whereby information was systematically disaggregated into
thematic categories for interpretation and reporting.
Decentralization and Socio-Economic Development: Assessing Primary Hea...
1
Andrew Lokorma Karim* & Morris...
MPhil candidate, School of post-graduate studies, Njala University. Sierra Leone, West Africa
1-15
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20507024
This study examines the impact of decentralization on socio-economic development
in the chiefdoms of Bo District, Sierra Leone, with particular attention to primary health care
services. Following the reintroduction of decentralization in 2004 after the civil war, local
councils and chiefdom administrations were expected to improve service delivery and strengthen
community participation in governance.
A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining quantitative survey data and structured
interviews. A total of 414 respondents were selected across sixteen chiefdoms using stratified
sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics and
Pearson’s chi-square tests to assess associations between decentralization and selected health
indicators, including malaria, enteric fever, labour pain-related deaths, HIV/AIDS, and anaemia.
The findings reveal mixed outcomes regarding the impact of decentralization on health service
delivery and socio-economic development. While decentralization has improved local
participation and awareness of health-related issues, significant challenges persist in the
provision, accessibility, and effectiveness of primary health care services. Inferential statistical
results indicate varying degrees of association between decentralized governance structures and
health outcomes within the district. The study concludes that although decentralization has
created opportunities for local involvement in governance and development, institutional,
financial, and administrative constraints continue to limit its full potential in enhancing socioeconomic development in the chiefdoms of Bo District.