International Research and Academic scholar society

Mission and Vision
Our Mission
At IRASS Publisher, our mission is to empower authors and researchers by providing a platform for their unique perspectives. We believe in fostering creativity and promoting voices that reflect the richness of human experience.
Our Vision
We envision a world where diverse stories and groundbreaking research thrive, enriching the literary and academic landscape. We aim to be a leading publisher recognized for our commitment to quality, innovation, and inclusivity.
Open Access Policy
IRASS Publisher commits to providing open access to all its published content. Our policy ensures that research articles are freely accessible to the public without subscription fees. Authors retain copyright while allowing unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. By removing access barriers, IRASS aims to foster a more inclusive and collaborative scientific community.
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Latest Article
The Gut Microbiome as a Metabolic Organ: Biochemical and Nutritional E...
2

Udoeyop Favor1, Okorie Claribel1, Nweje-Anyalowu Paul2, Enyinnaya Blessing Oluchi3, Auwal Shehu Ali4, Banwo Faridah Mobolanle5, Shehu Muhammad Hassan6, Abdullahi Muhammad7, Usman Ibrahim8, Idakwoji Precious Adejoh*9
1Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Godfrey Okoye University, Ugwuomu-Nike, Enugu State, Nigeria., 2Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Clifford University, Owerrinta (Ihie campus), Abia State, Nigeria., 3Department of Public Health, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Clifford University, Owerrinta, Abia State, Nigeria, 4Federal Teaching Hospital. Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria., 5Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, 6Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Belo University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria., 7Ahmadu Belo University Distance Learning Centre and International Medical Corps, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria., 8Department of Biotechnology, Modibbo Adamawa University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria., 9*Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
6-14
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22206897

Background: The gut microbiome functions as a dynamic metabolic system that interacts continuously with host nutrition and physiology, influencing energy balance, immune function, and disease risk. Objective: This review examines the gut microbiome as a metabolic organ, focusing on biochemical and nutritional evidence linking microbial activity to human health and disease. Methods: A narrative review approach was considered, integrating recent peer-reviewed literature on host–microbiome metabolic interactions, dietary modulation of gut microbial composition, and microbial metabolite signaling pathways. Results: Evidence indicates that gut microbes contribute to host metabolism through fermentation of dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, transformation of bile acids, and metabolism of amino acids and polyphenols. These microbial products act as signaling molecules influencing glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, inflammatory pathways, and gut barrier integrity. Dysbiosis has been associated with metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Dietary patterns rich in fiber and plant-derived compounds are consistently linked with beneficial microbial profiles and improved metabolic outcomes. Conclusion: The gut microbiome operates as a metabolically active organ that integrates dietary inputs with host biochemical pathways. Understanding these interactions provides a basis for nutritional strategies aimed at preventing and managing metabolic diseases.
School-Based Incentives and Teachers’ Commitment to Classroom Instruct...
16

Frank Ching'ali*1, Goodluck Jacob2, Edgar Nderego3
1*Nyamilama Secondary School, Kwimba, Mwanza, 2-3The Open University of Tanzania, P. O. Box 23409, Dar-es-salaam,
31-36
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJAHSS.v3.i8.0264

This study examined the relationship between school-based incentives and teachers’ commitment to classroom instruction in public secondary schools in Kwimba District, Tanzania. A quantitative approach and cross-sectional survey design were employed. The target population comprised 888 teachers, of whom 88 teachers were selected using simple random samplings. Data was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that recognition awards/certificates (M = 4.01), incentives for improving instruction (M = 3.95), and monetary incentives (M = 3.82) were highly rated, while leadership feedback, fair distribution, and timely incentive payments received relatively lower ratings. Teachers also demonstrated high commitment, particularly in willingness to put in extra effort (M = 4.15), sense of belonging (M = 4.08), and motivation for student success (M = 4.05). Regression results revealed a moderate positive relationship between school-based incentives and teachers’ commitment (R = 0.632), with incentives explaining 39.9% of the variation in commitment (R² = 0.399). The regression model was statistically significant, F (1,238) = 158.43, p < 0.001, while school-based incentives significantly predicted teachers’ commitment (B = 0.587, β = 0.632, t = 12.59, p < 0.001). The study concludes that well-designed school-based incentives significantly contribute to teachers’ commitment to classroom instruction. It recommends strengthening fair, transparent, timely, and diverse incentive systems alongside supportive leadership, professional development, and conducive working conditions.
Simulation of a Plate Distillation Column for Separation of Ethanol-wa...
4

Sivamani Selvaraju*
Mechanical and Chemical Engineering Unit, Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Salalah, Oman
61-68
http://doi.org/10.67564/IRASSJMS.v3.i8.0185

The study explores the effect of mole fraction of ethanol in feed on the performance and energy efficiency of a distillation column used for ethanol-water separation by simulation using DWSIM. Key parameters, including the molar flow rates of distillate and bottom products, condenser and reboiler duties, minimum reflux ratio, and tray requirements, were analysed by maintaining the following parameters constant: 100 kmol/h of feed, Non-Randon Two-Liquid (NRTL) thermodynamic model, mole fraction of ethanol in distillate is 0.9 and in bottom is 0.05, reflux ratio of 2.5, partial condenser and pressure and vapour fraction flash specification. As the feed ethanol mole fraction increases from 0.4 to 0.6, the distillate flow rate rises, while the bottom flow rate decreases, demonstrating enhanced ethanol recovery. However, energy requirements exhibit a non-linear trend, peaking near a mole fraction of 0.5 due to azeotropic tendency. The minimum reflux ratio progressively increases with ethanol content in feed, highlighting the energy trade-off necessary for achieving desired separation. Additionally, the number of minimum trays, feed tray position, and actual number of trays all increase with feed ethanol concentration, reflecting the rising separation difficulty. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing column design and operation for maximum efficiency and product quality while minimizing energy consumption.
Health Expenditure and Infant Mortality in Nigeria
0

Suleiman Ademu*1, Iortyer Dominic2, Oladele O Aluko3
1*-2-3Department of Economics, Federal University Lokoja
6-15
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22056116

This study examined the impact of public and private health expenditure on infant mortality in Nigeria using annual data from 1986 to 2024. Motivated by persistently high infant mortality despite rising health spending, the study employed Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), alongside Wald and Granger causality tests, to estimate long-run relationships and causal direction. The results show that public health expenditure significantly reduces infant mortality, with a 1% increase associated with a 0.063% decline in infant deaths. Private health expenditure also has a significant negative effect, as a 1% rise reduces infant mortality by 0.050%. Per capita GDP exerts the strongest impact, with a 1% increase reducing infant mortality by 0.157%. Granger causality results indicate that public health expenditure and per capita GDP drive reductions in infant mortality, while private health expenditure is less predictive and more reactive. The study concludes that reducing infant mortality in Nigeria depends on sustained public health investment, supportive private financing, and inclusive economic growth. It recommends increased and efficient government health spending, policies that improve access to private healthcare, and broader economic measures that enhance household welfare and living standards.
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