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At IRASS Publisher, our mission is to empower authors and researchers by providing a platform for their unique perspectives. We believe in fostering creativity and promoting voices that reflect the richness of human experience.
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IRASS Publisher commits to providing open access to all its published content. Our policy ensures that research articles are freely accessible to the public without subscription fees. Authors retain copyright while allowing unrestricted distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. By removing access barriers, IRASS aims to foster a more inclusive and collaborative scientific community.
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Latest Article
The Relationship between Health Education and Patients’ Experiences an...
0

Mardiana1, Afrida2, Darwis*3
1-2-3*Institut Nani Hasanuddin, Makassar
1-6
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21187006

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia), caused by an imbalance between insulin supply and demand. Insulin is required to facilitate the entry of glucose into cells so that it can be utilised for cellular metabolism and growth. This study aimed to obtain an overview of patients’ knowledge regarding complications of diabetes mellitus at Daya General Hospital, Makassar, conducted from 14 to 28 January 2013. It was a descriptive analytical study using a crosssectional method with a sample size of 42 respondents who met the selection criteria through purposive sampling. Data were collected via a questionnaire. The collected data were processed and analysed using computerised methods with appropriate statistical tests. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses using the Chi-Square test, with a significance level of α=0.05. H0 was rejected if p<0.05 and accepted if p>0.05. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between health education and knowledge (p = 0.003 < α = 0.05) and inpatient experience (p = 0.004 < α = 0.05) with patients’ knowledge of DM complications. Thus, the better the health education and the patient’s inpatient experience, the better the patient’s knowledge of DM complications.
Appointment, Promotion and Discipline Committee: Evolution, Secretaria...
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Tyodzer Patrick Pillah*1, Agbogo Kingsley Chigozie2
1*Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Veritas University Abuja, 2Department of Public Administration, Veritas University Abuja
12-18
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21186821

The Appointment, Promotion, and Discipline (APD) Committee constitutes one of the most pivotal institutional mechanisms within Nigeria's public service architecture. Rooted in the colonial legacy of British administrative tradition and formally entrenched in successive Nigerian constitutional frameworks, the APD Committee serves as the operational arm through which the Federal Civil Service Commission (FCSC) and analogous state-level bodies exercise their constitutional mandates over civil servants. This paper examines the historical evolution, secretariat functions, and contemporary challenges confronting the APD Committee within the Nigerian civil service system. Drawing on a qualitative documentary review of relevant legal frameworks, including the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended), the Public Service Rules (PSR) 2008, and the Guidelines for Appointments, Promotions, and Discipline, the study critically interrogates the structural configurations, procedural operations, and administrative bottlenecks associated with APD Committees. The paper finds that while the APD Committee framework provides a systematic and legally grounded basis for managing human resources in the civil service, it confronts severe challenges, including political interference, nepotism, and inadequate secretariat capacity, delays in promotion exercises, inconsistent disciplinary procedures, and insufficient integration of technology into personnel management processes. The paper recommends comprehensive secretariat reform, merit-based reinforcement, digital transformation, and improved constitutional oversight as pathways to revitalising the APD system. The study concludes that the effectiveness of APD Committees is indispensable to governance quality and national development in Nigeria.
Public-private Partnership and Public Service Delivery in Nigeria: A S...
1

OKPU Ikechukwu Bennett*1, OKEREKA Onofere Princewill Ph.D2
1*-2Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka
1-11
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21185884

This study examined public-private partnership and public service delivery in Nigeria with particular reference to the Ministries of Health and Works in Delta State. The study was undertaken to determine the extent to which public-private partnership contributes to effective public service delivery, infrastructural development, accountability, efficiency, and improved performance within the public sector. The increasing demand for quality public services amidst inadequate government resources and administrative inefficiency has made public-private partnership an important strategy for enhancing service delivery in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The population of the study comprised staff of the Ministries of Health and Works in Delta State. A sample size of 377 respondents was selected using simple random sampling techniques. Data for the study were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire designed on a four-point Likert scale. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency tables and percentages, while hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings of the study revealed that public-private partnership has significantly improved public service delivery in the Ministries of Health and Works in Delta State. However, the study identified challenges such as corruption, bureaucratic delays, inadequate funding, political interference, and weak policy implementation as major obstacles affecting effective public-private partnership arrangements in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study concluded that public-private partnership remains an effective mechanism for improving public service delivery in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that government should strengthen policy frameworks guiding public-private partnership arrangements, ensure transparency and accountability in project implementation, improve monitoring and evaluation systems, encourage private sector participation, and provide adequate funding and institutional support for public-private partnership projects.
International Financial Sanctions and Its Implications for tit Stabili...
3

Suad Jawad kadhim*
Economics Department College of Administration and Economics, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
34-42
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21121970

One of the most significant incidents that created considerable disagreement about the future of the international financial system is the investigation of the state of Russian assets blocked during 2022 after sanctions finance international order critical worldwide from stability on implications study to purposes research Tit International finance limitations use instruments in study of goals political and geopolitics. It concentrates mainly on legal economic analytical foundations Based on her western countries in freezing assets Russian examination antiquities resulting on this is fantastic procedures in level trust Internationalised in institutions Global Finance and Markets Cash Study what it means for status currency No reserve tit dollar and euro dollar American dollar President. As good it does Search impact this is wonderful progress in trends few countries about diversification Its depletion of foreign reserves and What is known in framework accreditation in Tit dollar It was implemented in directions elimination dollarization, with research bezel capability this is astonishing trends on events transformation substantial in structure order critical Global. Title approach research descriptive analytical curriculum file assets during monitor developments search condition from Russian frozen analytical data and Institutions finance reports Economic tit link and international organisations' tit connection. search to that freezing assets Russian appearance precedent tit antiquities strategy far away tit range, and contributed in strengthening concerns it have some countries about security assets sovereignty tit retainer in it in centers finance western, tit matter that to push number from it to reevaluation policies administration reserves foreign and with that, it indicates results to that continuation dominance dollar and currencies western what zeal supported factors economic and institutional and structure strong, which makes any transformation radical in order critical global practical gradual and complex not a result directly for sanctions finance alone.
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