Youth Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Job Creation in Zimbabwe: Empowerment Mechanisms and Multiplier Effects
Sr No:
Page No:
91-102
Language:
English
Authors:
Blazio M. Manobo*
Received:
2026-04-09
Accepted:
2026-05-16
Published Date:
2026-05-30
Abstract:
Youth unemployment in Zimbabwe has reached critical levels, with approximately
90% of young people engaged in informal employment or completely unemployed, challenging
the nation's economic recovery and development goals. This study examines the relationship
between youth entrepreneurship initiatives, empowerment frameworks, and sustainable job
creation outcomes in Zimbabwe's unique post-dollarization economic context. Using a mixedmethods approach combining quantitative analysis of longitudinal data from 412 youth-led
enterprises across Harare, Bulawayo, and rural districts, and qualitative case studies of 28
entrepreneurship support programs, we investigate how different empowerment mechanisms—
including access to finance, skills development, mentorship networks, and policy support—
influence both direct and indirect job creation patterns within Zimbabwe's constrained economic
environment. Our findings reveal that youth entrepreneurs who participate in comprehensive
empowerment programs create an average of 4.2 jobs within their first three years of operation,
compared to 1.5 jobs among non-supported counterparts. More significantly, we identify a
positive employment multiplier effect whereby every job created directly by youth-led
enterprises generates an additional 0.9 jobs in related supply chains and local economies,
particularly in the agriculture, technology, and retail sectors. The study also uncovers critical
barriers unique to Zimbabwe's context, including currency volatility, limited access to formal
credit, and policy implementation gaps, while revealing that female youth entrepreneurs
demonstrate higher business survival rates despite facing gender-specific challenges in accessing
resources. We propose a theoretical framework linking youth empowerment dimensions to job
creation pathways in fragile economic environments and offer policy recommendations for the
Zimbabwean government and development partners seeking to design integrated support
systems that maximize employment outcomes. These findings contribute to literature on youth
economic inclusion in post-crisis economies and provide empirical evidence for stakeholders
implementing the National Youth Policy and Zimbabwe's National Development Strategy 1
(NDS1).
Keywords:
youth entrepreneurship, job creation, youth empowerment, employment multiplier, informal economy, post-dollarization economy.