Climate change, desertification, and rapid urbanization are driving an increase in the frequency and severity of sandstorms in the Middle East, making an important contribution to atmospheric particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and posing threats to public and occupational health. This paper reviews evidence from peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and health databases on the health impacts of sandstorm-associated pollution and the effectiveness of interventions to reduce them. The focus is on respiratory, cardiovascular, and psychosocial health outcomes, and current strategies are assessed, including early-warning systems, personal protective equipment (PPE), and occupational safety and health (OSH) frameworks. Results show consistent associations between sandstorm events and increased rates of hospital admissions, occupational injuries, and lost productivity, with a particular impact on outdoor workers and at-risk populations. Nevertheless, regional responses to the health risks of sandstorms are inconsistent and often fragmented, with low levels of public awareness and preparedness, sporadic use of PPE, and weak enforcement of OSH standards. Recommendations for research and practice are provided to inform more integrated, cross-sectorial approaches to reduce health risks and build resilience to sandstorms in affected regions.