Using Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe as a case study, this research explores the role of drama in conserving African cultural legacy in the face of modernity. Examining how the play serves as a medium for the transmission and conservation of Igbo cultural practices, belief systems, and identity, the study employs a qualitative research design and performance theory as its theoretical framework. Understanding how Achebe's drama captures the essential values of Igbo society and ensures cultural survival even in the face of colonial and modern challenges is the aim of this study. The findings of this research show that Things Fall Apart serves as a performative tool and cultural archive, reenacting social roles, morals, and Igbo traditions. Igbo heritage is kept relevant and obvious through the play's dramatic portrayal of these customs, which contributes to cultural continuity. The study recommends that in order to preserve African traditions, modern theatre should keep embracing cultural performances. The importance of drama as a vital vehicle for cultural preservation in a world that is modernizing quickly is highlighted by this work.