Rice straw, an abundant agricultural residue, presents a valuable resource for sustainable agriculture when converted into compost. This study evaluates the performance of rice straw-derived compost as an effective biomanure in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity. The compost was prepared through controlled aerobic decomposition and characterized for nutrient content, pH, and organic matter. Field trials were conducted to assess its impact on soil health parameters and crop yield compared to conventional fertilizers. Results demonstrated significant improvements in soil nutrient availability, moisture retention, and microbial activity, leading to increased crop growth and yield. The findings suggest that rice straw compost is a viable, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers, promoting circular agriculture by recycling crop residues and reducing environmental pollution.