Abstract:
This study investigates the pragmatics of silence in media discourse, focusing on
Nigerian newspaper coverage of the 2023 general elections. Moving beyond the traditional view
of silence as the mere absence of speech, the study conceptualizes silence as a strategic
communicative resource through which meaning is constructed, negotiated, and interpreted.
Drawing on Speech Act Theory, Grice’s Cooperative Principle, and the Spiral of Silence Theory,
it examines how silence operates within media texts and political interviews to shape narratives
and influence audience perception. Adopting a qualitative descriptive research design, the study
employs discourse analysis of selected reports and analytically reconstructed political interview
scenarios derived from reportage patterns in The Punch, The Guardian Nigeria, and Vanguard
Newspaper. Data are analyzed in relation to five research questions, with particular attention to
identified ―areas of silence,‖ including omission of critical information, evasive responses,
absence of counter-narratives, strategic pauses, justificatory silence, and selective reporting.
Findings reveal that silence is systematically embedded in media discourse and functions
pragmatically as a tool for evasion, face-saving, ideological framing, and agenda-setting. In
political interviews, silence manifests through indirect responses, topic shifts, and pauses that
enable political actors to avoid accountability while maintaining public image. In news
reporting, silence appears through omission and selective emphasis, shaping audience
interpretation by influencing what is perceived as important or irrelevant. The study concludes
that silence is an active and strategic communicative element that significantly influences public
perception, media credibility, and democratic engagement, highlighting the need for greater
transparency, ethical responsibility, and media literacy.