This study evaluated the impact of supply chain optimization on the financial performance of manufacturing firms in South-East Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collected from a sample of 147 respondents drawn from four selected manufacturing firms using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that inventory management (β = 0.432, p < 0.05), logistics and distribution efficiency (β = 0.385, p < 0.05), and supply chain technology adoption (β = 0.298, p < 0.05) all have significant positive effects on financial performance, with a combined explanatory power (R²) of 0.68. The study concluded that effective supply chain optimization enhances profitability and operational efficiency. It was therefore recommended that manufacturing firms adopt efficient inventory systems, improve logistics operations, and invest in modern supply chain technologies to achieve sustainable financial growth.