This study investigated the influence of home background variables and senior secondary school students' academic performance in Agricultural Science in Calabar South, Nigeria. The research, which used a descriptive ex-post facto approach and sampled 200 SS1 students from a population of 15,000, found that parental socioeconomic status, parental marital status and home location all significantly influenced students' academic performance in Agricultural Science. Based on these findings, the study recommends creating a supportive home environment by allocating quality time for children and fostering an educational atmosphere, which can promote students' overall development and academic success.