This article examines the construction of a sustainable urban cultural value system in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of deepening globalization and digital transformation. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of cultural philosophy and development philosophy, the study analyzes the role of cultural values as an endogenous resource that shapes urban identity, strengthens social cohesion, and supports sustainable development. The research demonstrates that globalization and digital transformation simultaneously create opportunities for the adoption of progressive cultural values and generate significant value conflicts and crises of orientation in urban life. These challenges are manifested in the erosion of behavioral norms, the imbalance between economic growth and cultural–spiritual development, and the risk of diminishing urban cultural identity. Based on an analysis of the practical context of Ho Chi Minh City, the article proposes a systematic set of solutions to consolidate a sustainable urban cultural value system, including the redefinition and institutionalization of core values, the integration of culture into development strategies, cultural education for younger generations, the application of digital technologies in cultural preservation and promotion, and the establishment of a multi-actor model of cultural governance. The study contributes to both theoretical and practical discussions on sustainable urban development in the era of globalization and digitalization.