The review study was conducted in Kakuma, Lokichar and Kalemng’orok secondary livestock markets to assess the state of competition, competitiveness and determinants of rivalry in livestock trading. This study ran on the framework by Anno & Pjero (2021) study conducted in the same markets to assess the effects of traders’ competitive rivalry on livestock market access in pastoral areas. The study objectives were (i) assess livestock production and market access in the selected markets and their catchment areas, (ii) ascertain the levels of traders’ competition and rivalry in markets, (iii) determine livestock and products supply and demand relations in markets, and (iv) depict the integration of theory and best practices in livestock trading activities in Turkana. From a sampling frame of 180 active traders, 56 in each sub county were statistically sampled using a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 2% resulting in a total of 168 traders who participated in the study as primary respondents. In light of the importance of policy guidelines and administrative services, 24 individuals from government entities, both national and county, and 18 individuals from civil society organisations advocating for livestock production, marketing, peace and security, and community development were purposefully selected to participate in the study as secondary respondents. The primary research tool used was a semi-structured questionnaire, administered to study participants both individually and through focus group discussions (FGDs) and the data were analysed using different statistical, non-parametric and qualitative techniques. The study reveals that competitive rivalry negatively impacts supply and demand in livestock markets within pastoral areas, obstructing the shift to formal business models. Consequently, livestock prices, governance systems, and access to cross-border markets are adversely affected. Recommendations include empowering traders, youth, and women through business training and literacy programs to enhance their capabilities in market transactions. Improving capital access, infrastructure, and marketing organization will strengthen connections between production zones and markets. Enhancing market governance through ethical practices is crucial to mitigate rivalry. Future research should focus on supply-demand integration in livestock trade. Despite challenges, drylands offer potential for developing competitive livestock resources, benefiting rural economies and enhancing resilience in pastoral livelihoods.