Admission Standards as Pathways to Examination Malpractice: A Critical Analysis of Irregular Admissions and Academic Dishonesty in Higher Education
Sr No:
Page No:
58-66
Language:
English
Authors:
Joseph Manasseh Opong, Nancy Ayongo Odoi Opong, Michael Ezra Otoo & Abigail Naa Koshie Odarley Mensah
Received:
2026-04-08
Accepted:
2026-05-12
Published Date:
2026-05-25
Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to explore how university entrance requirements relate
to test fraud. Research has thoroughly studied test fraud, its reasons, and the implications.
However, there has been relatively little research into how admission irregularities affect later
dishonest behaviour in the form of test fraud. Utilising an analysis of 96 studies of test fraud in
sub-Saharan Africa, combined with data collected from other universities worldwide, we
developed a conceptual model illustrating the ways that admission irregularities can cause
dishonesty to occur at examinations. The conceptual model includes four mediating variables:
(a) academic underpreparedness (i.e., when students enter college using fake or inflated
credentials, they do not have the needed knowledge to pass courses; therefore, they feel pressure
to commit test fraud); (b) moral disengagement (i.e., once students commit fraudulent acts to
gain college admission, they will likely rationalize committing future fraudulent acts as
acceptable); (c) institutional capture (i.e., if colleges profit financially from fraudulent
admissions, then institutional interests become aligned against upholding academic integrity); (d)
social norms or peer expectancy effects (i.e., the existence of peers who entered college via
fraudulent means creates an environment where it becomes socially acceptable to engage in
similar behaviour). The authors synthesised evidence regarding admission irregularities in
several different countries (Nigeria, India, Ghana, Kenya, and the UK) and analysed the
processes that lead to environments in which students experience high levels of support for their
dishonest behaviour at examinations. The results indicated that the integrity of the admission
process determines whether students will be honest during exams. Therefore, the authors
concluded with suggestions for developing procedures to verify applicant information for
admission purposes, developing strategies to assist academically under-prepared students, and
revising disciplinary policies to prevent both the admission- malpractice connection and other
forms of dishonesty
Keywords:
Examination malpractice, admission standards, academic integrity, irregular admissions, higher education, Sub-Saharan Africa, academic dishonesty.