A study iron status assessment in mother-infant pairs in chidbirth was performed in different maternity hospitals of the city of Kindu (DRC). 392 mother-infant pairs were the subject of this study. The incidence of iron deficiency is very high in the mothers (82%) compared to that of newborns deficient (16%), all from deficient mothers (serum iron 37- 100ug/dl). No cases of anemia with iron deficiency was not observed either in the mother or in the newborn (serum iron <37ug/dl).Multiparity and low birth weight (LBW) are considered important risk factors for iron deficiency in the NN. The prevalence of pregrancy anemia of 34.2% observed in our study had no influence on iron deficiency in the newborn.